TB 500 is a synthetic, biologically active peptide with healing, regenerating and anti-inflammatory properties. Its structure is identical to a fragment of thymosin β-4, a protein commonly found in the human body, strongly involved in the process of reconstruction of damaged tissues.

It has been proven in clinical trials that both thymosin β-4 and its chemically synthesized counterpart are highly effective in the treatment of wounds, cuts, burns, injuries of muscles, tendons, bones, joints and eyeballs. They can also stimulate hair growth. Moreover, it has been observed that the administration of TB-500 has a positive effect on the endurance and flexibility of muscles, tendons and ligaments, which may translate into a lower risk of injuries and injuries related to excessive exercise.

The key mechanism explaining the regenerating and healing effects of TB-500 has to do with the regulation of actin levels. Actin is one of the key proteins in the body. Together with myosin, it conditions muscle contraction, and is also involved in changing the shape and movement of cells. It has been observed that β-4 thymosin exhibits the ability to bind one of the forms of actin, the so-called globular actin (G), which limits the possibility of its transformation into a fibrillar form (F). Such action promotes cell migration and promotes chemotaxis of endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Scientists believe that this has a beneficial effect on the healing process of damaged tissues.

Thymosin β-4 promotes the increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and thus promotes the process of formation of new blood vessels dependent on it. Angiogenesis, as the professional name of this process is, is crucial for the proper course of wound healing and the healing of fractures. Scientists speculate that a new class of healing agents will rely on angiogenesis stimulants.

β-4 thymosin promotes the proper deposition of collagen. This is an important step in the scarring process, and any abnormalities within the wound slow down healing and increase the risk of scarring pathology. The unpleasant consequence of such a phenomenon can be both an unsightly scar, as well as inter-tissue adhesions and adhesions that disturb the mobility of tissues after the injury has been treated.

Thymosin β-4 favorably influences the recruitment and differentiation of stem cells. They are regarded as the future of regenerative medicine because they show the ability to self-renew and are highly plastic. They can differentiate into other types of cells, including bone cells, cartilage cells, muscle precursors, and even heart cells.

Thymosin β-4 has anti-inflammatory potential – it inhibits the activity of the NF-kB complex, which translates into a reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Remember that inflammation is essential in the healing process, but a prolonged inflammatory phase delays healing and is a hallmark of chronic wounds